Union Académique Internationale

To what extent did recipients influence the design of Papal Deeds in the 9th to the 11th centuries? Unlike the centralization of the papacy prevailing in other domains, there are striking local differences in the design of Papal Deeds. They are analyzed in detail and statistically evaluated based on 308 examples from the ecclesiastical provinces of Italy and Catalonia, as well as Mainz, Cologne, Trier, Reims, Lyon, and Sens.